Index
b) local measures illustrated
for the metropolitan area Berlin- Brandenburg
a) National and International Measures
Intercomparison of the effect of various control measures on the percent of hourly ozone concentrations excceding the 180 µg/m3 threshold (i.e. the threshold value for informing the population). With no measures (i.e., the base case, German: Istzustand) 6,2% of all ground level ozone concentrations (computed hourly over all of Germany for the period July 25 until August 10, 1990) are in excess of 180 µg/m3 .
| National and International Long-term Measures | |
| Trend 2005: | For Germany, a 37% NOx-reduction and a 42% VOC-reduction relative to the base year 1990. These reductions will be fully achieved by the year 2005 via control measures already adopted (EU-directives, national environmental legislation, etc). In Western Europe, country specific NOx-reductions between 15 and 30%, and VOC-reductions between 20 and 40% are expected. In Eastern Europe, emissions increases between 5 and 20% are anticipated. |
| Reduction 2005: | Trend 2005 with additional control measures for traffic, industry and solvents. For Germany, a 64% NOx-reduction and a 72% VOC-reduction relative to the base year 1990. Outside of Germany the same measures as in Trend 2005. |
With no measures (i.e., the base case) 6,2% of all ground level ozone concentrations (computed hourly over all of Germany for the period July 25 until August 10, 1990) are in excess of 180 µg/m3.
For the measure Trend 2005, only 1,9% of all ozone concentrations would exceed the threshhold value of 180 µg/m3. For the measure Reduction 2005, there would be a decrease to 0,7%. With reference to the base case, Trend 2005 would represent a decrease by 69% of the number of hours when ozone exceeds 180 µg/m3, whereas Reduction 2005 leads to a corresponding decrease of 89%.
b) local measures illustrated for the metropolitan area Berlin-Brandenburg
Intercomparison of the effect of various control measures on the percent of hourly ozone concentrations excceding the 180 µg/m3 threshold (i.e. the threshold value for informing the population).
With no measures (i.e., the base case, German: Istzustand) 19,2% of all ground level ozone concentrations on Juli 27, 1994 exceed 180 µg/m3.
| Local Measures | Reduction of emissions | |
| S1: | Temporary speed limit in the Berlin-Brandenburg area | NOx: 10%, VOC: 2% |
| S2: | Temporary traffic ban for passenger vehicles without 3-way-catalytic converters in the Berlin-Brandenburg area | NOx: 18%, VOC: 42% |
| S9: | Usage of modified fuels in the summer months ("summer fuel") in the Berlin-Brandenburg area and the surrounding states | NOx: 3%, VOC:10% |
| S4a: | Speed limit combined with a traffic ban for passenger cars and trucks without catalytic converters in the Berlin-Brandenburg area | NOx: 51%, VOC: 47% |
| S4b: | Speed limit combined with a traffic ban for passenger cars and trucks without catalytic converters in the Berlin-Brandenburg area plus speed limit in the surrounding states. | NOx: 51%, VOC: 47% |
| S8a: | Speed limit and traffic ban for passenger cars and trucks without catalytic converters in the Berlin-Brandenburg area combined with a shutdown of power plants and industrial combustion units. | NOx: 66%, VOC: 60% |
| S8b: | Speed limit and traffic ban for passenger cars and trucks without catalytic converters in the Berlin-Brandenburg area combined with a shutdown of power plants and industrial combustion units plus speed limit in the surrounding states. | NOx: 66%, VOC: 60% |
| Trend 2005: | National and international measures that will be fully achieved by the year 2005. | NOx: 21%, VOC: 46% |
All measures lead to some reduction of the percent of hours exceeding the 180 µg/m3 threshold. Temporary measures as speed limit and traffic ban or the usage of modified fuel (summer fuel) produce only a small reduction in the number of exceedances. The long-term measure Trend 2005 is by far the most effective measure: Only 5% of the ground level ozone concentrations still exceed the threshold value of 180 µg/m3. With reference to the base case this would represent a decrease of the excess ozone by 75% . The scenario Reduction 2005 was not computed for this region.
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